standards_talk

slides for a talk about standardization processes
git clone https://git.ce9e.org/standards_talk.git

commit
3a92d9ab67078755e6e71c4576caf4d8abd1076e
parent
67b427b902186f3cb346ece24a7f16b2704e5ad5
Author
Tobias Bengfort <tobias.bengfort@liqd.de>
Date
2013-11-13 13:25
finish slides for tonight

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    1    -1 # Introduction
   -1     1 # Standards
   -1     2 
   -1     3 ![screws in all shapes and sizes](screws.jpg)
    2     4 
    3    -1 -	everyone respects standards
    4    -1 -	very few people know how standards are created
    5     5 
    6     6 # What is a standard?
    7     7 
    8    -1 -	A (technical) specification is a standard if it is widely established.
    9    -1 -	It may be a *de facto* or *de jure* standard, where only the latter has
   10    -1 	gone through a formal standardization process with an established
   11    -1 	standardization organisation.
   12    -1 -	A standard therefore needs legitimacy
   -1     8 -   A (technical) specification is a standard if it is widely established.
   -1     9 -   It may be a *de facto* or *de jure* standard, where only the latter has
   -1    10     gone through a formal standardization process with an established
   -1    11     standardization organisation.
   -1    12 -   A standard therefore needs legitimacy
   -1    13 
   13    14 
   14    15 # parties involved
   15    16 
   16    17 stakeholders
   17    -1 :	anyone with an interest in a proposed standard
   -1    18 :   anyone with an interest in a proposed standard
   18    19 implementors
   19    -1 :	anyone who will implement (parts of) the standard
   -1    20 :   anyone who will implement (parts of) the standard
   20    21 users
   21    -1 :	anyone who might use an implementation
   -1    22 :   anyone who might use an implementation
   22    23 sponsor
   23    -1 :	proposes a specification for standardization
   -1    24 :   proposes a specification for standardization
   -1    25 
   -1    26 # parties involved
   -1    27 
   24    28 standardization organisation
   25    -1 :	organisation which manages the standardization process
   -1    29 :   organisation which manages the standardization process
   26    30 working group (WG)
   27    -1 :	the people who manage the standardization process
   28    -1 	for the *standardization organisation*
   -1    31 :   the people who manage the standardization process
   -1    32     for the *standardization organisation*
   29    33 advisors/experts
   30    -1 :	external people who are asked to participate in the standardization
   31    -1 	process. May be members of the *working group*
   -1    34 :   external people who are asked to participate in the standardization
   -1    35     process. May be members of the *working group*
   -1    36 
   32    37 
   33    38 # open standard
   34    39 
   35    -1 -	anyone (especially implementors) have unrestricted access
   36    -1 	(e.g. no fees or classification)
   37    -1 -	free implementations must exist
   38    -1 -	anyone can participate in the creation and further development of the standard
   -1    40 -   anyone (especially implementors) have unrestricted access
   -1    41     (e.g. no fees or classification)
   -1    42 -   free implementations must exist
   -1    43 -   anyone can participate in the creation and further development of the standard
   39    44 
   40    45 <http://documentfreedom.org/openstandards.html>
   41    46 <http://www.csrstds.com/openstds.html>
   42    47 
   -1    48 
   43    49 # decentralization
   44    50 
   45    -1 -	hacker ethics call for decentralization
   46    -1 -	standards provide ways for decentralizing technology
   47    -1 -	at the same time, the standardization process itself is
   48    -1 	necessarily centralized
   -1    51 -   hacker ethics call for decentralization
   -1    52 -   standards provide ways for decentralizing technology
   -1    53 -   at the same time, the standardization process itself is
   -1    54     necessarily centralized
   -1    55 -   everyone respects standards
   -1    56 -   very few people know how standards are created
   -1    57 
   49    58 
   50    59 # overview of standardization organisations
   51    60 
   52    61 # International Organisation for Standardization (ISO)
   53    -1 -	ISO 639 – Codes for the representation of names of languages (de_DE)
   54    -1 -	ISO 8601 – Representation of dates and times (1999-12-31 23:59:58)
   55    -1 -	ISO/IEC 8859 – 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets
   56    -1 -	ISO/IEC 26300 – Open Document Format for Office Applications (OpenDocument) v1.0
   57    -1 -	ISO/IEC 29500 – Office Open XML File Formats
   58    -1 -	specs are not open (fees)
   59    -1 -	only member organisations are allowed to vote
   -1    62 
   -1    63 -   ISO 639 – Codes for the representation of names of languages (de_DE)
   -1    64 -   ISO 8601 – Representation of dates and times (1999-12-31 23:59:58)
   -1    65 -   ISO/IEC 8859 – 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets
   -1    66 
   -1    67 # International Organisation for Standardization (ISO)
   -1    68 
   -1    69 -   ISO/IEC 26300 – Open Document Format for Office Applications (OpenDocument) v1.0
   -1    70 -   ISO/IEC 29500 – Office Open XML File Formats
   -1    71 
   -1    72 # International Organisation for Standardization (ISO)
   -1    73 
   -1    74 -   "network of national standards bodies"
   -1    75 -   specs are not open (fees)
   -1    76 -   only member organisations are allowed to vote
   -1    77 -   "fast-track procedure" possible if the document was developed by an
   -1    78     international standardizing body recognized by the ISO Council
   -1    79 
   60    80 
   61    81 # Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN)
   62    -1 -	DIN 476: international paper sizes (now ISO 216)
   -1    82 
   -1    83 -   german member of ISO
   -1    84 -   DIN 476 (ISO 216): international paper sizes
   -1    85 
   63    86 
   64    87 # Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
   65    -1 -	IEEE 802.x – networking
   66    -1 -	IEEE 1003 – Unix compatibility programming standard - POSIX
   67    -1 -	allowed to vote is "any individual who has expressed an interest in the subject matter of the standard"
   -1    88 
   -1    89 -   IEEE 802.x – networking
   -1    90 -   IEEE 1003 – Unix compatibility programming standard - POSIX
   -1    91 -   allowed to vote is "any individual who has expressed an interest in the subject matter of the standard"
   -1    92 
   -1    93 
   -1    94 # Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
   -1    95 
   -1    96 -   RFC 1034/1035 DNS
   -1    97 -   RFC 1157 IMAP
   -1    98 -   RFC 2616 HTTP
   -1    99 -   RFC 2821 SMTP
   68   100 
   69   101 # Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
   70    -1 -	RFC 1034/1035 DNS
   71    -1 -	RFC 1157 IMAP
   72    -1 -	RFC 2616 HTTP
   73    -1 -	RFC 2821 SMTP
   74    -1 -	RFC 1149 IP on Avian Carriers (Pidgins)
   75    -1 -	RFC 2324 Hyper Text Coffee Pot Control Protocol
   76    -1 -	"rough consensus and running code"
   77    -1 -	discussion on archived mailing lists
   -1   102 
   -1   103 -   RFC 1149 IP on Avian Carriers (Pidgins)
   -1   104 -   RFC 2324 Hyper Text Coffee Pot Control Protocol
   -1   105 
   -1   106 # Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
   -1   107 
   -1   108 -   Request for Comments (RFC)
   -1   109 -   "rough consensus and running code"
   -1   110 -   discussion on archived mailing lists
   -1   111 
   -1   112 
   -1   113 # World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
   -1   114 
   -1   115 -   founded and headed by Tim Berners-Lee
   -1   116 -   HTML/CSS
   -1   117 -   WCAG/ARIA (Accessibility)
   -1   118 
   -1   119 # World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
   -1   120 
   -1   121 Working Draft
   -1   122 :   anyone is asked for comment
   -1   123 Candidate Recommendation
   -1   124 :   implementors are asked for feedback
   -1   125 Proposed Recommendation
   -1   126 :   W3C advisory council is asked to approve
   -1   127 W3C Recommendation
   -1   128 :   process is completed
   78   129 
   79   130 # World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
   80    -1 -	founded and headed by Tim Berners-Lee
   81    -1 -	HTML/CSS
   82    -1 -	WCAG
   83    -1 -	Working Draft - anyone is asked for comment
   84    -1 -	Candidate Recommendation - implementors are asked for feedback
   85    -1 -	Proposed Recommendation - W3C advisory council is asked to approve
   86    -1 -	W3C Recommendation
   87    -1 -	no certification program, but free validators
   88    -1 -	members are mostly big companies like IBM, Google, Facebook, Deutsche Telekom etc.
   89    -1 -	discussion on archived mailing lists
   90    -1 
   91    -1 # WHAT WG
   92    -1 -	formed when W3C was moving in a different direction than implementors
   93    -1 -	HTML5
   -1   131 
   -1   132 -   no certification program, but free validators
   -1   133 -   members are mostly big companies like IBM, Google, Facebook, Deutsche Telekom etc.
   -1   134 -   discussion on archived mailing lists
   -1   135 -   Possible to submit bugs from draft (Example: [HTML5 draft](http://www.w3.org/html/wg/drafts/html/master/))
   -1   136 
   -1   137 
   -1   138 # Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHAT WG)
   -1   139 
   -1   140 -   formed when W3C was moving in a different direction than implementors
   -1   141 -   HTML5
   94   142 
   95   143 # python/bittorrent
   96    -1 -	"rough consensus and running code"
   97    -1 -	<http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0001/>
   98    -1 -	<http://bittorrent.org/beps/bep_0001.html>
   99    -1 -	PEP/BEP (Python/BitTorrent Enhancement Proposals)
  100    -1 -	author responsible for building consensus
  101    -1 -	open source reference implementation needed
  102    -1 -	spec must be in public domain
  103    -1 -	Benevolent Dictator for Life, Guido van Rossum/Bram Cohen
  104    -1 
  105    -1 # standardization process
  106    -1 
  107    -1 -	someone proposes a draft
  108    -1 -	it must be accepted
  109    -1 -	a working group may be formed
  110    -1 -	the process may go through several phases getting inputs from the general public, experts and implementors
  111    -1 -	a high majority or even consensus is required
  112    -1 -	additional requirements (e.g. reference implementation)
  113    -1 -	the final vote is on a closed group of people, e.g. benevolent dictators or member organisations
   -1   144 
   -1   145 -   [PEP](http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0001/)/[BEP](http://bittorrent.org/beps/bep_0001.html)
   -1   146     (Python/BitTorrent Enhancement Proposals)
   -1   147 -   "rough consensus and running code"
   -1   148 -   author responsible for building consensus
   -1   149 -   open source reference implementation needed
   -1   150 -   spec must be in public domain
   -1   151 -   Benevolent Dictator for Life, Guido van Rossum/Bram Cohen
   -1   152 
   -1   153 
   -1   154 # summary: standardization process
   -1   155 
   -1   156 -   someone proposes a draft
   -1   157 -   it must be accepted for consideration
   -1   158 -   a working group may be formed
   -1   159 -   the process may go through several phases getting inputs from the general public, experts and implementors
   -1   160 
   -1   161 # summary: standardization process
   -1   162 
   -1   163 -   a high majority or even consensus is required
   -1   164 -   additional requirements (e.g. reference implementation)
   -1   165 -   the final vote is on a closed group of people, e.g. benevolent dictators or member organisations
   -1   166 
  114   167 
  115   168 # critique
  116   169 
@@ -123,16 +176,20 @@ advisors/experts
  123   176 > Group chairs have acted like bullies.
  124   177 > -- <http://www.wcagsamurai.org/erratas/introduction/>
  125   178 
   -1   179 
  126   180 # What we can learn from this
  127   181 
  128    -1 -	standards as a different decision goal than laws
  129    -1 -	decision making in a given process needs to be standardized
  130    -1 -	the standardization process itself is optimized for output
  131    -1 	legitimacy by providing enough resources to reach a high
  132    -1 	quality specification, maybe even a consensus
   -1   182 -   standards as an unusual product of an participation process
   -1   183 -   decision making in a given process needs to be standardized
   -1   184 -   most current standardization processes are optimized for output
   -1   185     legitimacy by providing enough resources to reach a high
   -1   186     quality specification, maybe even a consensus
   -1   187 -   discussions are done using bug-trackers, mailinglists and
   -1   188     long dicussions
   -1   189 
  133   190 
  134   191 # What we can provide for this
  135   192 
  136    -1 -	a better tool for proposing alternative versions and commenting (absatzweise Kommentieren)
  137    -1 -	reaching consensus in long meetings and discussions is currently
  138    -1 	out of our scope
   -1   193 -   a better tool for proposing alternative versions and commenting (*absatzweise Kommentieren*)
   -1   194 -   reaching consensus in long meetings and discussions is currently
   -1   195     out of our scope